Tafsir of Surat al-Naba (78)


Naba which can be translated as The Tidings, or the Announcement. The word Naba has the connotation of news.

But in order to be considered naba, has to be momentous news. Something that is of the utmost importance. Prophets are called Nabi because they receive news that other people do not receive. This is the purpose of messengers, because there is only so much knowledge that we can receive through the senses and intellect. We have never had a dichotomy of rational and empirical knowledge in our tradition, both are incorporated into tawheed. But there is knowledge that is about the true reality, knowledge that is beyond the knowledge we can get through our senses or the intellect. That is the kind of knowledge that Allah singled out the Prophets with.

Note: In the Qur’an there is  a correlation between certain chapters. There is a relationship between different chapters and between verses.

Q :How do we understand the correlation of Juz Amma with the other 29 chapters?
A: The last two juz are the summary of the Qur’an, they are the summary of the details that come before. Because they are recited often, as you expose yourself to these meanings you are exposing yourself to meanings that come before.  There is something special about these surahs that moves the heart.
Most of these surahs are Makkan surahs, ie- they were revealed before Hijrah, though may have been revealed outside of Makkah.

The focus on Makkan surahs is on faith, the affairs of the next world. There is wisdom in this because faith is the foundation of everything else.  So we learn from this that when dealing with someone, where they may be doing things that are inappropriate, the way they are going to change their life is through faith. So  if you focus on someone’s mistakes instead of faith, you often will push them away. Once they’ve strengthened the state of their heart and faith, then naturally their practice will improve.
Surah Naba is similar to Surah Mursalat in that it has similar themes. But also details in Surah Naba that are left general in previous chapter. Major theme in this surah is evidence of God’s power

The Surah opens with a question:
Concerning what are they disputing?

Note: not all questions are real questions. Some questions are a way of asking “what’s wrong with you.

Religious people have been marginalized all throughout history. This is a historical constant. But one of the things that we need to do in our communities is to normalize virtue so that people feel empowered through virtue, and are able to detach themselves from the opinion of others. Allah is the One who Gives Honour, and the One who Debases. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was the essence of honour even when entrails were being thrown on him (peace and blessings be upon him) while prostrating. If that happened to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), why is it so hard for us to pray in a place when people are walking past, such as  when we’re at the airport or some other place? Nowadays people don’t even really say anything if they see someone praying in a public space, so why do we find it hard? Despite Islamophobia of our times, compared to previous times, we have it very very easy.

Allah gave us a deen that doesn’t oppose culture in and of itself. Culture is necessary for human beings, but Islam prunes culture. An example of that is names. So it is ok to have an Urdu name, or a Swahili name, or a Farsi name that doesn’t have a religious connotation.There is an idea that one has to change their name and if you don’t, your conversion isn’t proper. The best names are derivation of hamd and abd. So yes, there are better names, but that doesn’t negate the permissibility of other non religious names.

Verse 3 is about the heart of the matter.

The afterlife. Some among the Quraysh were confirming, some are doubting, some were negating. Important to remember that Allah could have done whatever He wanted to do. He could have made reincarnation a reality, He could have made death the end, but He made it that we have a pre earthly life, a life, death, the barzakh. all those stages.

Verse 4/5 use the word Kal-la : word that has the connotation of rejection with rebuke.

Can translate it as nay, but people nowadays are so disconnected with the meaning of that word. In grammar when repeat something, emphasizes it.  It’s a way of emphasis.

Verses 1-5, all dealing with initial topic of disbelief of pagan Makkans where they did not believe, and were questioning the affair of the resurrection. Then Allah going to mention a series of things that He created. Allah will mention nine things that He brought into existence. Certain things are wajib for Allah, like His necessary existence. His is the only existence, necessarily existent.

It’s so important to study aqeedah, creed because it pertains to everything. Everything can be turned to the sacred if we approach it in the correct way. The cognitive frames that we have, to borrow Dr Umar’s word, will often determine what you do, and the right cognitive frame is the first step to the correct behaviour. If you are in dire straits, recognize that Allah can easily provide you with what you need.

Reflection is also so important. Reflection is an integral part of intelligence. Unfortunately we are being dumbed down quite literally.  A book to read about this is called “Dumbing us Down”. We are sentient beings and we have been created to think and reflect. Thinking and reflecting is like a muscle, so like running, you need to practise and train. To improve your memory, you need to practise and train.

If you are a physician and you leave it for two years, may find that you have lost your edge. As religious people who are supposed to be engaged in reflection, if we do not think and reflect, this ability becomes dull and stagnant. When you practise, then you become more aware of meanings.

There are over 6000 languages in the world. Each language is a window through which we understand something about the world. Arabic is the best language, but every language is a sign of God. Language is amazing. Good to study linguistics and learn the impact of language on the brain. How we produce language is incredible. Allahu Akbar!

How do we see? We see something, understood and processed by brain. How do we hear? All of this is amazing.

And (have We not) created you in pairs. (Verse 8)

Think about this amazing blessing of being able to come together, and having the blessing of family life.

And made your sleep for rest (Verse 9)

Sleep is one of the great gifts of Allah. Think about how many people have sleep problems, have insomnia. Think about this blessing, that we sleep and are refreshed. Some people they have a few hours of sleep, and then they are back to the grind, up at 6:30 and have a twelve hour days. How to have good sleep – lavender oil. Also good to cut down on sleep gradually. 15 minutes, every two months.

And we made the night as a cover. (Verse10)

Beautiful to experience a natural day. In Mauritana we prayed Maghrib and many students would stay in mosque from Maghrib to Isha, and by Isha it was pitch black.

Praying in a natural day, praying when its dark at Fajr time, then seeing the sun at Zuhr time, then Asr, all of these have profound psychological impacts.

And made the day apportioned for work (Verse 11)

Can see here two pairs that Allah has given us that indicates his uniqueness and the opposites we see manifesting in the world. When we recognize that everything has a wisdom and a purpose, deduce that life itself has a purpose.

We see the seasons, which are tied to human condition. Spring, which is about youth and energy, summer, which is the 1st stage of maturity, fall, which is in between decrepitude and dying. Each one of these seasons relates to the human being. When we see this, recognize that there is a qadr. We reflect on these signs, and this creates an experiential certainty. This moves into a witnessing that goes in the heart, and then other stages.

Rain is generally associated with mercy. Just as there is mercy, rains of mercy that come into heart.
Reminder:  The more sincerity and tranquility you have in religion, the stronger the religious impulse comes in you, and the easier it will be to sleep. One of the easiest ways to ease anxiety is dhikr and particularly salawat on the Prophet.

According to our understanding of knowledge, all knowledge comes from Allah, and the greatest of knowledge is that which He revealed in His Book.
  • One of the greatest ways we can spend our time is in learning the meanings of wahy (revelation) that were descended to our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). How many difficulties did he go through to convey to us the message?
  • The risalah is not light, it is heavy. Allah when He refers to this amana (trust), He mentions that He showed it to the mountains, to the heavens, to the earth and they refused to assume it. And it was the human being that assumed it. The human being accepted. That is why legal responsibility is heavy.
  •  The reality is that everything is serious. The more we reflect on the final abodes, the more we will take our lives seriously. For some people it takes a near death experience, or a tragedy in their lives, or tragedy in the lives of others for this to happen.
  •   Time is experienced in a relative manner. Surah is talking about the stages after death.  The resurrection, the gathering and then we will be driven to the plain of Judgement.
  •  Every nation will be with their Prophet (peace and blessings upon him). This is where we have to think twice: who are we following in this world? Who do we follow? Who are our exemplars? Allah has given us the exemplar par excellence. If you look around at people, especially youth, who are we following? There are people who see celebrities and faint. As human beings it’s very natural for us to follow people in positions in leadership. But if we follow people who don’t deserve to be followed, where will it lead us?
  •   If you have patience, or don’t have patience, won’t change situation. What is going to happen will happen. But patience helps you cope. Patience helps you, you aren’t helping patience.  Allah made it that we feel naturally good. Allah could have made it the opposite where could have felt bad after doing good, but this is from His blessing that we feel good.
  •  Then the horn will be blown 2nd time, and people will come to plain.
  •  Verse 19: The sky is opened and becomes as gates/doors.
  •  One of the rhetorical devices of saying something in the past, is that it asserts the fact that it is happening.
  •  The structure of the earth is going to change. We don’t normally think of mountains as being in motion. When we think of mountains, think of stability. On the Day of Judgement, mountains will be set in motion, they will be a mirage. Like scattered dust. Right now when it is daytime, and the sun is shining, see particles in the air. These things are so insignificant, that unless light is shining, we cannot see them. So mountains normally the easiest of things to see. But once they are uprooted, will be a mirage.
  •  See several verses pertaining to this in succession. Earth will be flattened, will be like wool, when earth violently shakes, it will be like scattered dust, the mountains will be uprooted from the earth. We have phenomenon that are going to take place.
  •  One of the great overarching themes of the Qur’an is the return. Everything that is going to happen on the Day of Judgement. We forget how much previous people were connected to the Qur’an. Ordinary Muslim would apportion Qur’an in seven parts, so that they would finish it once in seven days. Scholars would finish it much sooner. Previous ummahs had a very close connection to the book of Allah. People had great knowledge of the Book of Allah because they were reciting it often.
  • When we come to the book of Allah, must go with humility. If go with arrogance, will miss its signs. Will go astray. When you go to the Qur’an, you will find what you are looking for. Allah tells us this in a Hadith Qudsi where He says, “ I am in the opinion of my Servant.”
  • Way you look at the world will be confirmed for you. Believer who is looking at the world will find what they are looking for, an atheist looking at world will find what they are looking for. Both will find confirmation for their beliefs. The person who is going to Qur’an to find guidance will find guidance. Ultimately Islam is about submission. Islam does not go against the intellect, there is nothing in our deen that goes against the intellect. But certain things that the intellect cannot understand, but the heart and the spirit can.
  • When we submit to reality, we will be privileged to see things as they are.Then the higher levels of intellect will kick in. At this stage will be light upon light. Light of intellect and light of revelation will complete human being.  But to subscribe to a purely rationalist framework and expect everything to be understood through intellect, is setting up a way of understanding the world that is very limited.
  •   Rational and rationalism (different). Science and scientism are different. A lot of things, most things in existence are beyond science.  The things that we can know are a tiny, tiny, tiny fraction of reality.
  • Then Allah goes into series of judgements, and here, it is important to note that yes we have a discourse that divides people into disbelievers and believers.
  •  Kafir is a farmer. A farmer covers a seed with dirt. Kufr linguistically speaking relates to a covering because the seed of iman exists in the heart of every human being. Every person has the potential to believe.
  • Hell is a reality and Jannah is a reality and the Garden is a reality.
  • Important to deal with this now because going to come to many verses about Heaven and Hell in this course. Understanding the reality of Hell is not something that is easy for the human being to come to terms with. When we realise that this is eternal punishment, it’s unimaginable. Have to really understand these things theologically, and then do the work so that there is a submission at the heart level.
  • Our deen is not taken from books. Our deen is about a tradition of sitting in front of people who sat in front of people, who sat in front of people (..) who sat in front of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). In traditional societies, there is a widespread sense of connection to the scholars.
  • Difficult for human being to come to terms with Hell in and of itself. But have to understand that this affair has nothing to do with us, Allah has decreed the way it is going to be, and this deen is about submission. Unfortunately we live in a time where it is very difficult to transmit the deen as it is. People if you talk about Hell, they don’t want to listen. But when are we going to put ourselves in an environment where we can grow? Where we can accept the book of Allah as it is?
  • Remember:The truth is not in need of us. We need to align our selves with the truth. Things are as our Lord has decreed them to be.
  • The Qur’an has promises but also warnings. Fear is an important emotion, even though it’s not liked in the modern world. So is hope. So is love.
  •  In Surah 21 we are told, indeed Hell lies in wait. We are told the Sirat is 3000 years long and  we will cross to the degree that we have istiqama and uprightness in this world.
  •  Jannah and Naar created now, and they exist right now. This surah is telling us that Hell is a destination for transgressors.  To reside therein for ages. They will not taste coolness of drink. There will be nothing that quenches thirst. This is a fitting requital, and this is a suitable reward.
  • Note:  Allah is Just; everyone will get what he/she deserves. Allah gives His Bounty, His Fadl  where He  wishes.  No one will feel like they were slighted.
  •  No punishment greater than the naar.
  •  Take yourselves to account before you are taken to account. The more we take ourselves to account now, lighter it will be on the Day of Judgement. Imam Ghazali mentions how to take ourselves to account.
  •   Not taking yourself to account is like if someone never looks at bank account, may have all these charges, spent too much etc. Or if you have a business and never crunch the numbers to evaluate how you’re doing. More we take ourselves to account ( for example: before go to bed) the better it is for us.
  •    Kufr: Someone who has been sent a messenger to, given the opportunity to believe and refuses
  •  Theological distinction: someone who isn’t Muslim, doesn’t mean that are going to the Fire. They may not have heard the message. Ultimately someone’s state with their Lord we don’t know. We just have theological guidelines.
  •   We need to have environments where we can come to terms with these realities. Let us take our affairs seriously so that we can be among the successful in this world and next. When was the last time that we really seriously pondered the true nature of the way things are?
  • People who are taking their lives seriously will do everything possible to be in the Divine bounty.
  • No one can ever say that if someone doesn’t wear hijab they are not going to Jannah. One of the most dangerous things you can do is have someone despair and feel distant. At the same time, the rules of the sacred law are beautiful and we should strive to implement them.
  • We have to have priorities in our life and we have to make reading the Qur’an a priority. For two months if you worked hard every day you would be reading Qur’an. If you sat with a teacher for 2 months every day for an hour, an hour and a half, you would be reading. There are people who study for several months for the GRE, etc!
  • If you were serious, you could learn Arabic. Arabic is not a hard language to learn. Could memorise Quranic vocabulary in a short period of time.
  • It has to do with priorities. In your off time, try and recite the Qu’ran. Open it every day and try and read at least a page. If you don’t know Arabic, open a translation and read that alongside. Foundation is that we recite the Book of Allah. and at other times we listen to the book of Allah.
  • The more we arrange our lives to learn and take ourselves to account and make dhikr and recite Qur’an, every time you do these things, it increases your iman. And iman is related to light. Move from knowledge of certainty to eye of certainty to truth of certainty.
  • I’ve seen people who are in a wakeful state. They don’t fall into ghafla (heedlessness).
  • Murabit al Hajj, didn’t even want people around him to talk to him about dunya.
  • He is a scholar and a worshipper. He is in the middle of the Sahara desert, and people come to him from the corners of the earth, his sustenance comes to him from all over the world, and he has impacted people from all over the world sitting in the middle of the sahara desert. The things we are experiencing from Zaytuna, Shaykh Hamza, all from light of Murabit Hajj.
  • Our goal is to create environments of upcoming scholars and righteous people that we can go to and connect to. There are people who have text and context. This is the essential link that is going to connect us back.
  • Salawat and istighfar – we have to focus on these things.
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  • 2nd degree of taqwa : to set a barrier between yourself and unlawful things, whether they are internal traits of the heart like arrogance or outward actions like backbiting
  • A higher stage of taqwa: not only have you left the haram, the disliked matters, but you leave the doubtful matters too.
Note: Another meaning of doubtful matters: matters regarding which there is a difference of opinion among scholars. In this stage of taqwa, you leave them out of scrupulousness
  • Fourth stage: Did what you were asked to do with the permissible. Did you give you the right of gratitude to what you were given?
  • Remember: to the degree that you don’t give thanks, the Day of Judgement will be lengthened. So we have to constantly remind ourselves to give thanks, to give thanks, to give thanks
  • Zakat of having a car: give people rides when they don’t have a car
  • Zakat of having a home: opening it to people to study
  • Zakat of owning own medical practice: serving people who are underinsured, or not insured
  • If you choose to leave the permissible out of a desire to prefer the next life, it is good.
  • Example: permissible to speak to friends for four hours. But you know that if you spend four hours, things start to be mentioned that never would within first 30 minutes,or when food arises.  Eventually speaking ill of people. So out of fear of being dragged to the impermissible, you leave the permissible.
  • Sahaba used to leave 9/10 of the permissible out of the fear that it would drag them into the impermissible. That was their maqam. We need to respect that.
  • 5th stage of taqwa: someone who strives to not have a thought come to their heart except that reminds them of the Divine presence. There are some people who are immersed in the Divine presence, that they don’t have any thought that doesn’t remind them of the Divine.
Allah says, “Truly for the God-conscious, there will be triumph.
  • We are not able to understand the true nature of the Garden.
Three of the Seven Central themes of the Qur’an
1)    Return to the God
2)    Promises that Allah makes
3)    Threats and Warnings
  • We need to be motivated as human beings. Fear is a deterrent, when used properly.To not do something out of fear though is a low level. Higher level to do something out of hope for reward.Higher level still to do it because it is the right thing to do. Because Allah deserves to be worshipped. Out of love and longing
  • When we’ve pushed ourselves to the extend can’t push anymore, then that is when we will get what we want. Nature of nafs is that you have to tire it out. You see this in exercise, where the most important part of the pushup is the last rep, where you really push yourself. As Shaykh Hamza says, “practice doesn’t make perfect, it makes permanent!”. There is a difference between benefit and excelling. In the spiritual path have to work at it before you see doors opening for you
  • Paradise will be a place of purity, where you will only experience great things. There are some people in the world who you can’t stand to be around. No anxiety in jannah, no rancor, no hatred. All these things, completely removed in the next world.
  • Note: difference between reward and gift. Reward is when you’ve done something and given a recompense. A gift is just given to you
  • Q: Do our acts bring us to paradise? Do you earn Paradise through your acts? No, our acts do not enter us into Paradise. Entering paradise is solely through the mercy of Allah. We are supposed to expose ourselves to that mercy though.
  • Part of the maqam of deen is understanding Lordship and what that means. Part of that is to humble us. There is so much sheer arrogance today. If the veil was removed and we saw people’s reality, we would see people in complete illusion and delusion.
  • Reality is how Allah has chosen reality to be. We don’t have a choice in how Allah has chosen reality to be. But we become privy to certain parts of that reality through our submission. 
  • He is the Lord of everything and everything has its function and purpose whether we understand its purpose or not. Intelligent person seeks meaning in everything.
  • If angels are not going to be speaking on Day of Judgement, what will this day be like? Only people who are going to speak are those who are given permisission to speak. From this, understand the station of Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. He is the one who will be given permission to speak who will only say what is right.
  • Everything that they say on this day will be truth.
  • See sometimes with children where they are so stunned that they will just tell you what happened. On the Day of Judgement we will be in such a state of awe, that we will just tell the truth. Will not be able to tell anything else.
  • Verse 39; That is the Day of Truth (That is the True Day)
  • The grammar of the Qur’an is essential and they are mistranslations because people don’t notice the grammar of the verses. Which is why the Qur’an cannot be translated, can just translate the meanings of the Qur’an. We are blessed, we have the Arabic Qur’an and the different recitations preserved through time.
  • That is the day of Truth. Day when truth will manifest and falsehood will disappear.
  • People will wish that they could turn into dust. 
  • We are absolutely certain that it is day that is going to come.
  • We will behold everything we put forth in this dunya. We will behold everything we did of good.


Sheikh Yahya Rhodus

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